Graphite electrodes are widely used in various industries, particularly in the steel and aluminum industries, for applications such as electric arc furnaces and smelting processes. Here are some of the main characteristics of graphite electrodes:

High electrical conductivity: Graphite electrodes have excellent electrical conductivity due to the high carbon content and the unique crystalline structure of graphite. This allows for efficient transfer of electrical energy in high-temperature applications.

High thermal conductivity: Graphite is a good conductor of heat, enabling the rapid dissipation of heat generated during the operation of electric arc furnaces or other high-temperature processes. 

High mechanical strength: Graphite electrodes possess excellent mechanical strength, which is essential for withstanding the extreme conditions and physical stresses during operation in electric arc furnaces, such as intense heat, high pressure, and mechanical vibrations.

Chemical resistance: Graphite electrodes exhibit good resistance to chemical attack from various substances, including slag and molten metals. This resistance helps to prolong their service life and maintain their performance under challenging operating conditions.

Low coefficient of thermal expansion: Graphite electrodes have a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, meaning they expand and contract minimally with temperature fluctuations. This characteristic helps to maintain the structural integrity and stability of the electrodes during heating and cooling cycles.

Low ash content: A high-quality graphite electrode has a low ash content, which is essential to minimize impurities and ensure a cleaner operation of the electric arc furnace or smelting process.

Good machinability: Graphite electrodes can be easily machined or shaped into various shapes and sizes to meet specific requirements of different applications.

Reasonable cost: Graphite electrodes offer a cost-effective solution for high-temperature applications compared to other materials like copper. The availability of graphite as a naturally occurring material contributes to their relatively lower cost.

It is important to note that the specific characteristics of graphite electrodes can vary depending on the grade and manufacturer, so it is always essential to consider the specific needs and requirements of the application when selecting graphite electrodes.